To comparatively evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine, nisin and linezolid as an intracanal medicament on Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study.

Aim: The present study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of Chlorhexidine, Nisin and Linezolid and a control group (Normal saline ) against Enterococcus faecalis (EF). Methods: Human single rooted premolars with type I canal anatomy were instrumented with ProTaper using NaOCl as an irrigant. Supension of EF was inoculated into each root specimen and incubated. The medicaments were syringed into each root and incubated. After 24 hours, 8 samples per group (among the 4 groups) were retrieved. A hole was drilled on each root, and the dentinal shavings obtained were allowed to fall in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth. Dilutions from the broth were plated and spread over blood agar. Colony-forming units (CFU) of EF was counted. The procedure was repeated after 72 hrs and 1 week. Results: In group Nisin, the mean CFU was 10.6250 at 24 hrs, 6.6250 at 72 hrs and 6.2500 after 1 week respectively (statistically significant). In group Chlorhexidine, mean CFU was found to be the lowest of 10.5000 at 24 hrs, with further gradual increase to 13.7500 at 72 hrs and further increase to 15.8750 by 1 week. Similarly, in group linezolid , the mean CFU was found to decrease from 49.0000 at 24 hrs to 29.8750 at 72hrs and then increase to 34.8750 in 1 week.

Comparison of ovsynch and progesterone-based protocol forinduction of synchronized ovulation and conception rate insubestrous buffalo during low-breeding season

The objective of the present study was to compare the impact of ovsynch and progesterone-based ovulation synchronization protocol on ovarian response and conception in buffalo [n=19] exhibiting subestrus during low-breeding season [maximum ambient temperatures and relative humidity ranging from 36-45°C and 30-80%, respectively]. Group I buffalo [n=10] were administered ovsynch protocol [d 0 and d 9, 20 microg Buserelin acetate; d 7, 500 microig Cloprostenol sodium; i.m.] followed by AI on days 9 and 10. During the same period, another group of buffalo [n=9] were administered intravaginal progesterone [1.38 g] for 10 days along with the administration [i.m.] of 500 microg Cloprostenol sodium on day 9 and 20 microg Buserelin acetate on day 11, followed by AI on days 12 and 13. With ovsynch, all the buffalo ovulated in response to 1[st] GnRH and had functional CL [plasma progesterone, 1.61 +/- 0.23 ng/ml; corpus luteum, CL, 11.36 +/- 0.67 mm] on day 7. Thereafter, subsequent to 2[nd] GnRH, five buffalo ovulated within 24 h and the remaining five between 24 to 48 h. In comparison, with progesterone-based protocol, a better synchronization of ovulation [P<0.05] was observed as seven buffalo ovulated between 24 and 48 h and the remaining two between 48 and 72 h following GnRH administration. Moreover, in comparison to ovsynch, conception rate was better with progesterone-based protocol [30 vs. 66.7%; P<0.05]. In summary, progesterone-based protocol was superior to ovsynch for synchronization of ovulation and subsequent conception rate in buffalo exhibiting subestrus during the low breeding period

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy in an unusual location - a case report

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy is an uncommon fibroproliferative lesion that occurs only in infancy and childhood. It predominantly affects healthy boys and can be found in almost any subcutaneous tissue. The tumor is most frequently found in the axilla, followed by shoulder, inguinal area, and chest wall. This tumor can cause much concern about malignancy because it is firm and may be fixed to underlying tissues. Despite the occasional local recurrence, the clinical course is benign and the prognosis is excellent. Treatment is by local excision. The diagnosis is made by the characteristic histologic features. In order to avoid the misdiagnosis of malignancy and unnecessary radical therapy, both surgeon and pathologist must be familiar with this entity. We report a case of fibrous hamartoma of infancy in a 4-year-old boy in gluteal region

Fighting drug dependence by blocking cannabinoid type 1 receptors

Drug dependence is a chronic relapsing brain disorder characterized by neurobiological changes that lead to a compulsion to take a drug with loss of control over drug intake. Abused drugs [cannabinoids, opioids, ethanol, nicotine and psychostimulants] by interacting with various neural pathways in brain induces pleasant state and responsible for relapses. All abused drugs have common property of elevating dopamine levels in nucleus accumbens. Currently the treatments available for drug dependence are not satisfactory and the most successful smoking cure clinic by using a combination of treatments achieve a success rate of less than 30%. Cannabinoid receptors are coexpressed in the brain reward circuitry and recent preclinical and human studies have suggested that ligands blocking the CB1 receptors offer a novel approach for patients suffering from drug dependence that may be efficacious across different classes of abused drugs. This review examines the role and current status of cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist in drug dependence

Some risk factors for hypertension in the United Arab Emirates

A case-control study evaluated the relationship between hypertension and socioeconomic and lifestyle factors in Al-Ain city.The survey included 426 hypertensive adults aged 20-65 years attending urban and semi-urban clinics and a randomly selected sample of 436 normotensive controls. Hypertension among cases was higher for men, age 40-49 years, non-UAE nationals, urban living, currently married, having children, illiterate, administrative/professional job, living in traditional house and low income. There were significant differences between cases and controls with regard to obesity, raised cholesterol level, low physical activity and family history of heart disease, kidney disease or diabetes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that obesity, medium/high income, history of diabetes, low physical activity and having 3+ children were significantly associated with hypertension

Gastrointestinal duplications: Management pitfalls

We report a case requiring operative treatment because it involved, on different occasions, a duplication cyst of the duodenum, unilateral pulmonary sequestration and gastric duplication as separate surgical problems. This case concerns a seven-month-old female infant who presented with intestinal obstruction and abdominal mass. During an exploratory laparotomy, a duodenal duplication cyst was discovered and excised. An associated gastric duplication cyst was missed because of failure to palpate the stomach during the laparotomy. In this instance, the stomach appeared normal on inspection, a key point for discussion and analysis in this paper. Investigation of postoperative fever following the first operation led to the detection of a pulmonary sequestration on the right side, which was excised later The gastric duplication, as yet undetected, only manifested itself in the second postoperative period as upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The duplication cyst perforated into the stomach, and the stomach perforated into the peritoneal cavity, leading to an abscess cavity. These findings were not revealed by an ultrasound but were finally demonstrated by an upper gastrointestinal contrast study. The child underwent another laparotomy for excision of the gastric duplication. She is now well and thriving. This case report discusses the main lessons learned, together with a relevant literature review